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} |} HMS ''Rover'' was a Royal Navy ''Cruizer''-class brig-sloop laid down in 1804 but not launched until 1808. She served in the North Sea, off the north coast of Spain, in the Channel, and on the North American station. She captured two letters-of-marque and numerous merchant vessels before being laid-up in 1815. She then sat unused until she was sold in 1828. ==Career== ''Rover'' was commissioned at Leith in May 1808 under Commander Francis Nott.〔 On 8 September she recaptured the ship ''Ceres''. A Dutch privateer had captured ''Ceres'', of Burnt Island; ''Rover'' sent ''Ceres'' into Leith.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4292,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 Between 16 and 26 April 1809, ''Rover'' captured four Danish sloops and their cargoes: ''Einigkeit'', ''Fier Broders'', ''Die Hoffnung'', and ''Delphinen''. During this period, on 19 April, ''Rover'' was in company with when they captured the ''Anna Margaretta''. That same day the ''Rover'' and ''Nymphen'' recaptured the ''Frau Anna''. On 24 and 25 April, a Danish sloop and a galliot, both prizes to ''Rover'', arrived at Leith.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4348,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 Then on the 28th, six more Danish prizes arrived at Leith; these were prizes to ''Rover'' and several other Navy vessels.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4349,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 On 8 May the ''Dolphin'', also a prize to ''Rover'', arrived at Leith.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4352,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 At some point in 1809, ''Rover'' captured (or recaptured) the ''Ecce Homo'', ''Eliza'', ''Brothers'', ''Pomona'', and ''Ann''. A more interesting event involving the colourful and erratic adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen occurred in June 1809. After the British attack on Copenhagen in 1807 and the outbreak of the Gunboat War between Britain and the Dano-Norwegian kingdom, he took a small Danish vessel, the ''Admiral Juul'', and in the Action of 2 March 1808 engaged HMS ''Sappho''; the British captured the ''Admiral Juul'' and treated Jørgensen as a privateer. In 1809, while in England on parole, he suggested to a merchant that a voyage to Iceland could be profitable as the island was suffering from food shortages at the time, due to the Danish monopoly on Icelandic trade. Jørgensen accompanied the voyage of the ''Clarence'' as an interpreter. That voyage failed to trade any goods as the ship was British and Denmark had forbidden trade with Britain. Shortly thereafter, ''Rover'' arrived at Reykjavík. The Board of Admiralty had sent it to prepare the way for a second British merchant voyage.〔 When ''Rover'' arrived, Nott found that the Danish Governor, Count of Trampe, who had arrived only shortly berore and had his own cargo to sell, would still not permit trading. Nott threatened to fire on Reykjavík and Trampe agreed to a convention permitting British vessels to trade with Iceland unmolested. However, Trampe did not publish the convention, and as soon as Nott and ''Rover'' had left, rescinded it. Soon after, Jørgensen sailed on a second voyage in the letter of marque ''Margaret and Anne'', accompanied by the brig ''Flora''. On arrival in Iceland they found that Trampe would still not permit trade. With the help of other crew members, Jørgensen arrested Trampe and proclaimed himself 'Protector', promising that he would reinstate the Althing as soon as the Icelandic people were able to govern themselves. His intent was to establish a liberal society in the spirit of those emerging in the Americas and Europe at the time; in practice he "imbibed all the quixotism of a petit Napoleon".〔 On 14 August arrived at Reykjavík. Commander the Honourable Alexander Jones, ''Talbot''s captain, restored the Danish government, reinstated the convention that Nott and Trampe had agreed (this time Trampe honoured it), and arrested Jørgensen.〔 When ''Talbot'' and Jørgensen arrived back in London, the Transport Board tried him and found him guilty of breaking his parole while a prisoner-of-war. He was released in 1811. By 7 July ''Rover'' was already at Barö Sound, Finland. In September ''Rover'' was under the command of Alexander McVicar. Between 1 and 12 September she captured the ''Fast Haabet'', ''Gode Hensight'', ''Piscosus'', ''Haabet's Anker'', galiot ''Haabet 34'', ketch ''Haabet 33'', ''Anna Catherina'', Transport (or sloop) No. 7, and ''Maria Cecilia''. In September, ''Lloyd's List'' reported that ''Rover'' had captured five or six Danish vessels, with one, the ''Aurora'', of and from Christianstadt, arriving in Leith on the 16th, and another two days later.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4389,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 A ''Haabet'' arrived at Leith on the 23rd.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4392,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 A Danish sloop arrived on 2 October.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4396,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 On 19 July 1810, a foreign Greenland ship with "8 Fish" that ''Rover'' had detained, arrived at Leith.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4478,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 A week later, ''Rover'' captured the ''Marine Margaretta''. In November Commander Justice Finley took command of ''Rover''.〔 In August ''Rover'' detained and sent into Leith the Hamburg ship ''Rosenboom'', which was coming from Greenland. However, the authorities released ''Rosenboom'' and she sailed for Hamburg.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4484,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 In March 1811 ''Rover'' accompanied the squadron under Admiral Joseph Sidney Yorke which was sailing to the Tagus carrying reinforcements for Arthur Wellesley's army, fighting in the Peninsular War.〔Marshall (1829), Supplement, Part 3, p.315.〕 On the 22nd, ''Rover'' was off Finisterre when she discovered the schooner ''Mary'', which had been sailing from Gibraltar to Liverpool, and which was now adrift and without a crew. ''Rover'' put an officer and some crew aboard ''Mary'' and sent her into Portsmouth.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4654,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 A later report was that a French squadron had captured ''Mary'', Donaldson, master, which had been sailing from Alicant to Bristol, but had left her adrift. This second report had ''Rover'' sending ''Mary'' into Dingle.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4662,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 Towards the end of the year, on 30 November, ''Rover'' captured the letter-of-marque ''Comte Regnaud'', the former HMS ''Vincejo'', which the French had captured six years earlier. ''Comte Regnaud'' was armed with ten 18-pounder carronades and four 9-pounder guns. She was under the command of M. Abraham Giscard and had left Batavia on 7 August 1811 with a cargo of spices, sugar, and coffee, the greater part of which belonged to the French government, and which she was taking to Rochelle. Although Finley described her as "''well found in every Respect, and sails remarkably well''", the Royal Navy did not take her back into service. When news of the outbreak of the War of 1812 reached Britain, the Royal Navy seized all American vessels then in British ports. ''Rover'' was among the 42 Royal Navy vessels then lying at Spithead or Portsmouth and so entitled to share in the grant for the American ships ''Belleville'', ''Janus'', ''Aeos'', ''Ganges'' and ''Leonidas'' seized there on 31 July 1812. ''Rover''s stay at Portsmouth appears to have taken place between two spells on the Spanish north or Basque coast. First, she was at the attack on Santoña on 15 June 1812.〔 Second, she was at the fall of Santander and the attack on Guteria on 18 August.〔Although O'Byrne refers to the fall of San Sebastián, he almost certainly confused this with the fall of Santander. The Duke of Wellington captured San Sebastián about a year later, in July–August 1813. However, Santander fell on 3 August 1812. These attacks on Spanish coastal towns involved the Royal Marines's First Battalion.〕 ''Rover'' also destroyed shore batteries during this period.〔O'Byrne (1849), Vol. 1, p.193.〕 Lord Keith appointed Lieutenant Francis Erskine Loch (acting) commander of ''Rover'' in October 1812 and ordered him to patrol between Ushant and Île de Batz. There Loch forced an armed French convoy to seek refuge among the rocks.〔O'Byrne (1849), Vol. 1, p.668.〕 Loch and ''Rover'' captured the American letter-of-marque schooner ''Experiment'' on 21 October off the Cordoban Light after a nine-hour chase. ''Experiment'', of 131 tons (bm), was armed with six 9-pounder guns but had a crew of only 16 men under the command of Captain Philip Rider. ''Experiment'' was 31 days out of Charlestown on her way to Bordeaux with a cargo of cotton and rice. She had not made any captures on her voyage. On 30 November, ''Rover'' captured the American brig ''Empress'', of 275 tons (bm), and 12 men, which had been sailing from New York to Bordeaux with a cargo of cotton, coffee, and sugar.〔 was in company with ''Rover''. ''Rover'' sent the ''Empress'', Moran, master, into Plymouth.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4726,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 In the new year, the Admiralty promoted Lieutenant Loch to commander on 6 January 1813. When he left ''Rover'', though he had only been her captain for a short time, the officers and men presented him with a sword.〔 The following August Loch moved to .〔Marshall (1829), Supplement, Part 3, p.400.〕 On 18 January 1813 ''Rover'' was in company with and while ''Andromache'' was resupplying ''Rota'', about 150 miles south west of the Cordovan light. The three vessels saw two strange sails in the distance and immediately set off in to investigate. Coming closer, they determined that the two were the British frigate in pursuit of a merchantman. During the night ''Iris'' captured the merchantman, which turned out to be the American letter-of-marque ship ''Union'', M. Olmstead, master, which had been sailing from Philadelphia to Bordeaux with a valuable cargo of cotton.〔Earlier, when ''Union'', of 379 tons (bm), was operating as a privateer under Olmstead, she had had 12 guns and a crew of 53 men.〕 ''Iris'' claimed that she was the sole captor; ''Andromache'', ''Rota'', and ''Rover'' claimed that they were entitled to share the prize money as joint captors. The case went to court and the High Court of Admiralty ruled against ''Iris''. The case established that "Ships seen to be in chase during the day, and continuing the pursuit in the proper direction after night comes on, are entitled to share as joint captors, although they are prevented from seeing the act of capture by the darkness of the night."〔''Reports of Cases Argued and Determined, 1798-1850'', Volume 6, 1853, pp.346-52.〕 The prize money notice appeared in May 1814. Though the report of the court case names Finley as commanding ''Rover'' at the time of the incident, the statement of the prize money amounts names Loch as commander. On 26 January 1813 ''Rover'' captured the American schooner ''Governor M'Kean'', of 112 ton (bm), one gun, and 16 men, which had been sailing from Philadelphia to Bordeaux with a cargo of cotton and bees' wax. ''Rover'' sent the ''Governor M'Kean'' into Plymouth, where she arrived that same day.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4743,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 Earlier, operating as a 5-gun privateer with a crew of 65 men under the command of Captain Lucet, ''Governor M'Kean'' had captured two ships and a brig. One of her prey had been the packet ship ''Prince Adolphus'', under the command of Captain Boulderson, of eight guns and 36 men, which had been carrying the Lieutenant Governor of Demerara.〔This may have been the incumbent, Hugh Lyle Carmichael, but was more probably his predecessor, William Henry Betinck, returning to Britain.〕 ''Governor M'Kean'' had captured the ''Prince Adolphus'' on 9 August 1812 and sent her into Philadelphia on 24 August.〔(Men of Marque )〕〔''1812 Falmouth packet sailings - Surinam 1812'' - accessed 1 October 2013.()〕 ''Rover'' was in company with when they captured the American schooner ''Meteor'', of 132 tons and 14 men, R. Bartlett, master, on 13 March 1813. ''Meteor'' was sailing from Nantes to New York with a cargo of brandy, wine, and silks.〔 was apparently also in company. Four days later, ''Rover'' captured the American schooner ''Independence'', of 149 tons and 9 men which was sailing from La Rochelle to New York with a cargo of brandy.〔 '"Rover'' sent both into Plymouth.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4755,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4756,() - accessed 12 June 2014.〕 On 13 and 15 April captured the ''Viper'' and the ''Magdalene''. By this time Finley was again in command of ''Rover''. ''Magdalene'' arrived in Portsmouth two days later. ''Rover'' shared the proceeds of the capture with ''Superb'' and , and the hired armed cutter ''Fancy'', which were in sight. ''Magdalene'' was armed with two guns and had a crew of 20 men. She was sailing from the Vilaine to New York with a cargo of brandy and vinegar. ''Rover'' then sailed to Bermuda.〔O'Byrne (1849), Vol. p. 118.〕 and ''Rover'' were in company on 16 June when they captured the brig ''Christiana'', of 132 tons (bm). She was in the possession of the American privateer ''Teaser''.〔 The two British vessels also captured the schooner ''Lark''. In 7 June 1814 Commander James Pickard was appointed to replace Finley in command of ''Rover'', but he was too unwell to take up the appointment.〔Marshall (1833), Vol. 4, Part 1, p212.〕 Instead Commander Henry Montressor took up the position.〔 ''Rover'' skirmished with American forces on the Potomac, and participated in the unsuccessful British attack on Baltimore between 12 and 15 September 1814.〔 In September Commander William Henry Bruce assumed command.〔 He had been captain of on the North America station and he sailed ''Rover'' back to Britain with dispatches.〔Marshall (1830), Supplement, Part 4, p.378.〕 Thereafter, under his command ''Rover'' protected convoys and cruised for a year. In 1815 ''Rover'' accompanied Rear-Admiral George Burlton in , escorting the outward-bound East India trade. ''Rover'' went south of the equator, touching Maranham, Brazil, before returning to Britain with a convoy of merchant vessels from Barbados.〔 ''Rover'' patrolled off Dieppe in order to prevent Napoleon Bonaparte's escape after the battle of Waterloo. She was carrying dispatches from Admiral Lord Keith to Admiral Henry Hotham when she encountered with the by then captured Napoleon on board.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Rover (1808)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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